Inertial Navigation System (INS) is one of the navigation systems widely used in various land-based, aerial, and marine applications. Among all types of INS, Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)-based INS can be widely utilized, owing to their low cost, lightweight, and small size. However, due to the manufacturing technology, MEMS-based INS suffers from deterministic and stochastic errors, which increase positioning errors over time. In this paper, a new effective noise reduction method is proposed that can provide more accurate outputs of MEMS-based inertial sensors. The intelligent method in this paper is a combined denoising method that combines Wavelet Transform (WT), Permutation Entropy (PE), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Firstly, WT is employed to obtain a time-frequency representation of raw data. Secondly, a four-element feature vector is formed. These four features are (1) amplitude of frequency, (2) its ratio to mean of amplitudes of all frequencies, (3) location of frequency in time-frequency representation, and (4) judgment on behaviors of frequency that is obtained by utilizing PE. Thirdly, based on the feature vector, the GA-SVR algorithm predicts amplitudes of all frequencies in the time-frequency representation of the denoised signal. Finally, by employing inverse WT the denoised signal is obtained. In this work, the outputs of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in ADIS16407 sensor, as a low-cost and MEMS-based INS, have been utilized for data collection. The proposed method has been compared with other noise reduction methods and the achieved results verify superior improvement than other methods.

Objectives: The aim of research was answer to this question that movie after revolution how was represented matters of addicts and addiction?Method: For answering to question 33 movies made between 1360 till 1390 which main characters were addicts, studied by content analysis.Results: The results showed that in studied movies, addicts were men, bachelor, or divorced and majority of them were educated. Also, Heroin consumption was more that other narcotics in movies. Addicts' personal home and his/ her friends' home were important places for consumption; and friends were important narcotics preparators; and they most important factor in initiate of consumption. On the other hand, divorce and child selling had the most frequency in movie. Family and friend groups were the most important factors in addiction and its etiology.Conclusion: The results showed that movies represented one kind of popular addiction study that overlapped with academic addiction study.

In the science of operation research and decision theory, selection is the most important process.Selection is a process that studies multiple qualitative and quantitative criteria, related to the science of management, which are mostly incompatible with each other. The multi criteria selection of a renewable energy portfolio is one of the main issues considered in multi criteria literature. In the present study to form a portfolio of renewable energy, first, the KOHONEN neural network algorithm was used, and then each portfolio was evaluated using multi criteria decision-making methods.Further, through Meta heuristic multi objective algorithms Pareto rank analysis was conducted and social acceptance of renewable energy production methods was assessed. Finally, the portfolio for studied energies was composed. The results indicated that Cuckoo Search Algorithm and Grey Relational Analysis are effective and efficient for the selection of optimal Pareto portfolio of renewable energy.

Predictor-corrector (PC) methods for the numerical solution of stiff ODEs can be extended to include the second derivative of the solution. In this paper, we consider second derivative PC methods with the three-step second derivative Adams-Bashforth as predictor and two-step second derivative Adams-Moulton as corrector which both methods have order six. Implementation of the proposed PC method is discussed by providing Nordsieck representation of the method and preparing an starting procedure, an estimate for local truncation error and a formula for changing stepsize. Efficiency and capability of the method are shown by some numerical experiments.

Automatic topic detection seems unavoidable in social media analysis due to big text data which their users generate. Clustering-based methods are one of the most important and up-to-date categories in topic detection. The goal of this research is to have a wide study on this category. Therefore, this paper aims to study the main components of clustering-based-topic-detection, which are embedding methods, distance metrics, and clustering algorithms. Transfer learning and consequently pretrained language models and word embeddings have been considered in recent years. Regarding the importance of embedding methods, the efficiency of five new embedding methods, from earlier to recent ones, are compared in this paper. To conduct our study, two commonly used distance metrics, in addition to five important clustering algorithms in the field of topic detection, are implemented by the authors. As COVID-19 has turned into a hot trending topic on social networks in recent years, a dataset including one-month tweets collected with COVID-19-related hashtags is used for this study. More than 7500 experiments are performed to determine tunable parameters. Then all combinations of embedding methods, distance metrics and clustering algorithms (50 combinations) are evaluated using Silhouette metric. Results show that T5 strongly outperforms other embedding methods, cosine distance is weakly better than other distance metrics, and DBSCAN is superior to other clustering algorithms.

In this paper, it is tried to explain the concept of representation and architectural representation through a qualitative methodology, approach its procedure for gradual creation in architecture and then according to scholars and to obtain the effect of this concept in the process of architectural facts the concepts are presented. In addition, it is referred to theories and practical texts by philosophers, and archaeologists and architects who have spoken about the architectural representation, and its definitions are also provided from the perspective of semiotics. Then through a deductive view aiming to clarify the fundamental differences between types of architectural representation and according to the presented ideas, three fundamental roles in the representation of architecture as mimesis and imitation, architectural representation as abstraction and architectural representation as simulation are described and examples are cited for each of them. In the end, by a qualitative methodology and with an interpretive approach using the theory of Umberto Eco in architectural codes, the comparative tables are provided, and to clarify the relationship between the three methods of representation and the procedure of their ideas on the formation of the architectural reality are analyzed through the semiotic approach. Finally, these comparative tables are separately classified in three groups of three so a variety of architectural representation techniques in diverse historical periods in architecture are explained as a result of this research.

In this paper, it is tried to state the problem of representation and architectural representation through its procedure for gradual creation in architecture and then according to scholars and to obtain the effect of this concept in the process of architectural facts the concepts are presented. Then, it is referred to its definitions is also provided from the perspective of semiotics. In addition through a deductive view aiming to clarify the fundamental differences between types of architectural representation in Architecture history, three fundamental roles in the architectural representation as mimesis and imitation, architectural representation as abstraction and architectural representation as simulation are described and examples are cited for each of them. In the end, because using Umberto Eco's theory in this paper and his semiotic perspective to Architecture, by a qualitative methodology and with an interpretive approach in architectural codes, the comparative tables are provided, and to clarify the relationship between the Architectural representation and Architectural codes. In conclusion these comparative tables are separately classified in three groups of new meanings, so a variety of architectural representation roles according to Eco's semiotic perspective in diverse historical periods in architecture are explained until finally the Architectural representation that is considered in three new groups in Eco's theory, as a result of this research abtained.

Heavily loaded stressed power systems exhibit complex nonlinear dynamic behavior, which cannot be analyzed and described accurately by conventional linear methods, such as eigen-analysis. A normal form of the vector fields theory, a well established mathematical method and the Modal Series technique (a relatively newly established approach) have been used as tools to analyze, characterize and quantify some of the stressed power system's sophisticated nonlinear behavior such as low frequency interarea oscillations. The normal form method has been used extensively in recent years for the analysis of nonlinear modal interaction and the role of this interaction in causing inter-area oscillations after the occurrence of large disturbances. However, the normal form has some shortcomings, which must be further highlighted. In this paper, some of these shortcomings are addressed by the use of simple examples. Linear modal, normal form and Modal Series methods are used to simulate a two-area, 4-machine power system test case and the results are compared with its accurate nonlinear simulation to asses the performance and accuracy of these three methods. It is shown that: 1) Normal form techniques cannot simulate stressed power systems well in some regions of its operating space, 2) In some regions of state space, even a linear modal method provides more accurate results than a normal form, and 3) Modal Series' results are consistently the most accurate of the three.

This article, criticize student’s dissertations in representation studies filed. In this research, we reviewed all other majors that are related to our subject. In addition to cultural studies’ dissertations, we examined the dissertations in communication, sociology and anthropology as well.Our main question is that, how this research applies the method of representation and more importantly, how we can apply the method of representation on the student’s research. To what extent we can follow that trace of power (biases) in “critical research” itself. The results demonstrate the representation studies in Iran, practice through the two ways as part of ideological state apparatuses. First, with reinforcing cultural clichés and second, overlooking some subjects that have not priority for the powers. In the first case, the subordinate groups such as women, youths, race minorities that beforehand have become “cultural cliche” by media for a second time are becoming “research cliché” by universities and research centers. Another form that displays how Iranian cultural studies tied up with the power interests is to conceal a series of research topics. Some issues related to ethnic minorities or immigrants underemphasized and other matters totally disregard such as religious or sexual minorities. In conclusion, while cultural studies that was supposed to be the advocate of subordinate groups, in practice more marginalized muted people; and hence as a form of knowledge exercises its power.

Data collected on air quality monitoring programs are unusable in the raw form that is collected. It is therefore desirable to summarize the data in ways that make them relatively easy to interpret and use them for regulatory purposes. In this survey, pollution standard index (PSI) was calculated for five major pollutants (CO, O3, NOx, SO2, PM10) in Tehran and Isfahan in 1378. The data were classified on the basis of standard air quality chart to levels of: good, moderate, unhealthful for sensitive groups, unhealthful, very unhealthful and hazardous. After collecting data, analysis was done using Excel, Word and SAS and the results were presented in tables and charts.Results indicated that Khordad, Shahrivar, Aban and Bahman in Tehran and Khordad in Isfahan were the most contaminated months. As indicated, in Tehran for 90 percent of days in 1378the index was greater than the standard level; for 50 percent, the air quality was very unhealthful and for 4 percent, hazardous. In Isfahan, for 9 percent of days, the index was greater than the standard level; and for 4 percent, the air quality was very unhealthful. When PSI is more than standard, for 96 percent of days in Tehran and 70 percent in Isfahan, the responsible pollutant was considered to be Carbon Monoxide the main source of which in cities are cars and vehicles. Thus, management efforts for air pollution reduction should be focused on transportation control.